Human biology and medical technology for engineers.
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Flashcards for Mathematics, Reconnected, Human Biology for the Medical Maker and the AI Acceleration primer — definitions, formulas, mastery checks and glossaries, each linked to its chapter — plus Big-O and coding interview decks that go with this site's tools — scheduled with FSRS (or SM-2), with cloze cards, your own decks, CSV and Anki import and export, and statistics, kept in your browser.
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Break-even between making processes on a log quantity axis, worst-case and root-sum-square tolerance stack-up, Cp and Cpk from pasted measurements with a histogram, surface roughness by process against a bacterium and the 0.8 µm hygienic line, and ASTM F1980 accelerated-ageing times.
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Load an ECG, PPG or EMG recording (CSV, PhysioNet WFDB, EDF) or a synthetic sample, filter out wander and mains, detect ECG beats with Pan–Tompkins and correct them, compute RR intervals and HRV, see why a PPG ratio-of-ratios is not an SpO₂ reading, and find EMG onsets — analysis of recordings for learning, not a medical device.
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CT reconstruction from scratch (projections, sinograms, Poisson noise, back-projection, FBP and SART), Hounsfield units with window/level, k-space masking, MRI spin-echo contrast, and how a segmentation threshold moves a measured dimension.
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Open DICOM files or a folder of slices in the browser — every tag including private ones, flagged against the PS3.15 Annex E de-identification profile; Hounsfield units, window presets, distances in mm and region statistics; what the slice thickness can support; and an anonymised copy with a list of what changed.
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Diffusion time t ≈ x²/2D and surface-to-volume 3/r; fit a diffusion coefficient from your own dye-in-agar measurements; dialyser clearance and Kt/V; a week of kidney filtration against haemodialysis; and an animated co-current against counter-current exchanger. Educational simulation only.
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A one-compartment model of an invented drug — single or repeated doses, accumulation, steady state after 4–5 half-lives, bioavailability and a loading dose against an invented window band — plus fraction-remaining tables, F-18 and Tc-99m decay with the FDG SUV decay-correction exercise, and hormone half-lives read as time constants.
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Orientation for health software: place an app in the IMDRF SaMD table, work out k-anonymity from cell counts or a CSV, check the 18 HIPAA Safe Harbor identifiers, build and validate a FHIR Observation (LOINC code, UCUM unit, status, time, subject), explore an HL7 v2 message, tamper with a hash-chained audit log, and fill in a STRIDE table.
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Cardiac output, ejection fraction, MAP and pulse pressure; ΔP = Q × R for the systemic and pulmonary circuits with a pressure cascade; Poiseuille's r⁴ for a vessel, a stenosis or a strap; Dalton, Henry and cylinder arithmetic; and the oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve with temperature, CO₂ and pH shifts. Educational simulation only.
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Size letters for a viewing distance and a user's acuity (or find how far a label can be read), visual angle in arcminutes, dioptres and reading adds by age, the blind spot, whether an alarm is heard over room noise at a distance, the 3-dB exposure rule, ear-canal resonance and middle-ear gain, two-point discrimination, and a colour-vision and blur check of a photo of your label.
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Drag an idealised elbow model and watch the perpendicular moment arm, the cord force (with and without the forearm's own weight) and the cord travel change through the sweep, with the lever class and every assumption listed — plus average contact pressure with everything it cannot tell you, and the energy of a fall.
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The reusable worksheets from Human Biology for the Medical Maker as one fillable, versioned project file — brief with a need-statement checker, evidence separation, task map, constraints sweep, hazard chain ranked by judgement (no scores), requirements with a de-adjective helper, test and version records with change impact, a traceability matrix that shows the gaps, learning objective with a Bloom check, bench-result sentence and handover checklist. Saves in your browser; exports Markdown, CSV and JSON; prints cleanly.
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A diagnostic test's 2×2 table from counts or from sensitivity, specificity and prevalence, drawn as 1,000 people; PPV and NPV against prevalence; ROC curves with a threshold slider and AUC; alarms as a low-prevalence test; relative versus absolute risk and NNT; and why reference ranges flag healthy people.
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A simulated test lung: pressure, flow and volume waveforms from the equation of motion in volume and pressure control, time constants and breath stacking, a lung-volumes spirogram, dead space, airway radius to the fourth power, and Laplace's law. Educational simulation only.
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Tissues against engineering materials on one log scale of stiffness and strength, with the stress-shielding ratio; polymer glass-transition and service temperatures against laundry and steam-sterilisation temperatures, with the evidence gaps each figure leaves; and thermal expansion with the borosilicate versus soda-lime glass comparison.
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Pulse-echo depth, wavelength, depth limit and frame rate; reflection at impedance boundaries; the Doppler shift and how an angle error moves the velocity; ultrasonic ranging in air; effective dose against natural background; Beer–Lambert, inverse square, and √N counting noise.
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Clinical unit arithmetic that refuses a number without its unit — glucose, creatinine, BUN, HbA1c and any substance by molar mass; % w/v to mmol/L to mOsm/L; pressure; creatinine clearance with a unit-error demonstration; an infusion error drill on invented scenarios; insulin strengths; and body surface area per kilogram.
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Simulate a PID controller on a first- or second-order plant with dead time — step response, overshoot, settling time, a load disturbance, output limits and anti-windup — get gains from Ziegler–Nichols, Cohen–Coon or SIMC tuning rules, copy the controller as C code, and play with a toy glucose loop to see what sensor and actuator delays do.
ElectronicsElectronicsSoftware engineeringBiology and medicine
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Molar mass and percent composition from any formula (hydrates, ions, nested brackets), mass ↔ moles ↔ particles, empirical formulas, an equation balancer that handles ionic and redox equations, an interactive periodic table, and electrochemistry: galvanic cell EMF from standard electrode potentials and Faraday's law for plating and corrosion.
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Paste a sequence or FASTA: composition and GC%, complements, translation in six frames with any genetic code, ORFs, codon usage, restriction sites and virtual digests, primer Tm (nearest-neighbour), and protein MW, pI, extinction coefficient, and hydropathy.
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Reynolds number and Darcy–Weisbach pressure drop with Colebrook, Swamee–Jain, or Haaland friction factors and fitting losses; Hagen–Poiseuille laminar flow with an r⁴ sensitivity plot; pipe sizing from flow and velocity; Bernoulli solver; hydrostatic pressure and buoyancy; pump power and orifice flow — with unit-aware inputs.
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Punnett squares for mono-, di-, and trihybrid crosses with phenotype and genotype ratios (complete, incomplete, or codominance), X-linked crosses, Hardy–Weinberg with a χ² test, carrier frequency from incidence, recessive-disease pedigree risk, and recombination frequency ↔ map distance.
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Fit logistic, Gompertz, and Baranyi growth models to OD time courses from a plate reader, get lag time, μmax, doubling time, and maximum OD for every well with replicate summaries, and plan cell-culture passaging with seeding densities and split ratios.
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Haemocytometer counts and seeding, doubling time, centrifuge RPM ↔ ×g, PCR master mixes, A260 quantification and purity, copy number, ligation ratios, oligo resuspension, OD600 → cells, unit conversions, and growth arithmetic: PCR efficiency, exponential growth, tumour doublings, and log reduction, D-values and the sterility assurance level.
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Type a SMILES string, a molecular formula or a name (about 630 molecules built in, plus PubChem search) to draw the 2D structure and get the formula, masses, rings, H-bond donors and acceptors, rotatable bonds, TPSA, cLogP and the Lipinski and Veber rules — plus, with RDKit in WebAssembly, canonical SMILES, InChI/InChIKey, exact descriptors, SMARTS substructure search and fingerprint similarity. Load a protein from the Protein Data Bank by ID (1A3N haemoglobin, 4INS insulin) in 3-D and export it as an STL for printing.
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Solve systems of ordinary differential equations with Euler, RK4, or adaptive Dormand–Prince RK45; see time series and phase portraits with direction fields, nullclines, clicked trajectories, classified equilibria, and a rotatable 3-D view. Plus a slope field with Euler's method against the exact solution, and an integrator shoot-out showing energy drift.
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Physical constants and calculators for kinematics, projectiles with air resistance, oscillations, forces on an incline, collisions, waves and sound, lenses and refraction, the eye in dioptres (far point, accommodation by age, reading add), heat, gases, and orbits.
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Paste a GenBank record or FASTA and get a circular plasmid map with feature arcs and single/double cutters, edit and auto-annotate features, run virtual digests on a simulated gel, and export SVG, PNG, GenBank, or FASTA.
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Global (Needleman–Wunsch), local (Smith–Waterman), and semi-global alignment of DNA or protein with BLOSUM/PAM matrices and affine gaps; colour-coded output, identity and similarity, the DP matrix with its traceback, and a dot plot.
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Make up solutions by weight, convert between molarity, % w/v, % w/w, ppm, molality and normality, plan dilutions and serial dilutions, calculate pH, design buffers, solve the ideal gas law and limiting-reagent problems, work out osmolarity and tonicity (van 't Hoff factor, permeant solutes), and do the available-chlorine arithmetic for disinfectant tablets.
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Generate, load, or record a signal and analyse it: waveform, FFT spectrum with window functions and averaging, peak detection, an STFT spectrogram, and THD / THD+N / SINAD for a test tone — plus synthetic ECG, EMG, EEG and PPG with mains hum, baseline wander and noise, and a signal-averaging demo.
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Kaplan–Meier curves with Greenwood confidence bands, median survival, a number-at-risk table, log-rank (and Gehan–Breslow, Tarone–Ware) tests for two or more groups, and Mantel–Haenszel hazard ratios — from a time, event, group CSV.