Physical things — designed, built, broken, and rebuilt.
Woodworking 453D printing 45CNC and machining 33Metalwork 21Electronics 143Glass and textiles 6
Tool ·
How a brushless motor works and how an ESC drives it: Kv, Kt and flux linkage in every convention, torque–speed and efficiency maps, heating, measuring a motor yourself, slot/pole windings drawn with their pattern and winding factor, six-step with Hall sensors and sensorless zero crossings, Clarke/Park, FOC current loops, SVPWM, field weakening, inverter losses, DShot frames and eRPM telemetry — animated and simulated.
Exploration ·
Start with one transistor switching an LED, wire switches into gates, gates into an adder, feedback into memory, and memory plus a clock into a tiny CPU — then watch a real 6502 run a program you can read byte by byte.
Exploration ·
From magnets and coils to a quadcopter in the air: how a brushless motor is wound, how an ESC switches it in six steps, how it finds the rotor without sensors, what field-oriented control does better, and what happens when you bolt four of them to a frame — with the simulators running alongside.
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How jet engines work and what their numbers mean: an animated cutaway of turbojet, turbofan, turboprop, turboshaft, ramjet and afterburning engines with numbered stations; ideal and real Brayton cycle analysis at any Mach and altitude — thrust, TSFC, efficiencies, T–s and P–v diagrams and trade studies; compressor stages, draggable velocity triangles and a compressor map with surge margin; approximate figures for real engine families; and fuel, run time and start-up for model turbojets.
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Match a turbo to an engine: pressure ratio and corrected air flow (lb/min and kg/s) at every rpm plotted on an illustrative compressor map — or your own surge and choke lines — with surge and choke margins, compressor-outlet and intake temperatures and estimated power; the turbine side from the power balance (back-pressure, drive ratio, wastegate flow and size, A/R and twin-scroll notes); injectors and fuel pump for the power; and the intercooler.
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Wire a car, van, truck or motorbike: cable size in mm² and AWG from the current, the round-trip length and the voltage drop you allow, with insulation rating, under-bonnet heat and bundling; the fuse that protects it; relay circuits drawn as schematics with the 30/85/86/87/87a pins and the flyback diode; crimp terminals and connectors; parked battery drain and the alternator's load; a second battery on a DC-DC charger; and the DIN 72552 terminal numbers.
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Kerf spacing, depth and count for a radius (with the deflection test), bent laminations with ply thickness from each species' strength and stiffness, springback and form compensation, steam bending times and the tightest radius with and without a strap, and arcs from chord and rise for laying out forms — all drawn to scale.
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Draw a tree of gas pipe sections and appliances and get a size for every section — natural gas or propane, schedule 40 steel, CSST, copper or polyethylene, at the usual supply pressures, by the longest-length or branch-length method — computed from the IFGC/NFPA 54 sizing equations and held at or under the code's tables, with the pressure left at each appliance and a capacity table laid out like the code's.
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Pipefitting arithmetic: set, run and travel for 11¼° to 90° offsets, rolling offsets drawn as a box, parallel pipes through an offset or round a corner, cut lengths from centre-to-centre measurements less fitting takeoffs (copper, PVC/ABS DWV, threaded steel, PEX), drain slope over a run, and the volume and weight of a pipe full of water — in inches to 1/16 with millimetres.
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Size a thermal expansion tank from the heater volume, temperatures and pressures; a well pressure tank for a minimum pump run time; a well pump's total dynamic head with its curve against the system curve; a hot-water recirculation pump's flow and head from the loop's heat loss; water-heater recovery and a rough first-hour figure for gas, electric and heat-pump heaters; and a tankless heater from flow and temperature rise.
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Workshop sums for small petrol engines and more: two-stroke fuel mix in litres, gallons and fluid ounces; antifreeze strength and freezing point for ethylene and propylene glycol, and how much to drain to get there; rejetting a carburettor for altitude and temperature by air density; reading spark plugs and a compression test; identifying chainsaw chain by pitch, gauge and drive links; mower blade tip speed and belt length; displacement and power; and a seasonal maintenance and winter storage checklist.
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A log for your cars, vans and motorbikes: fuel-ups with economy worked out properly across partial fills (mpg US or UK, L/100 km, km/L), EV charging sessions and mi/kWh, service reminders by distance and time with overdue alerts, repairs and parts, cost of ownership per mile or km with charts — plus a VIN decoder (check digit, model year, maker, and an NHTSA vPIC lookup), JSON backup and CSV import and export.
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A searchable reference of 100+ hardwoods, softwoods and sheet goods — Janka hardness, density, radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage, decay resistance, workability, gluing and finishing notes, health cautions, CITES and IUCN status, uses and substitutes — with a picker that ranks species for what you are making and a side-by-side comparison.
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Segmented turning from a vessel profile — rings by height, segments per ring, mitre angle, segment lengths and widths, strip length with kerf, a staggered brick pattern, feature rings, ring plans, a side view and a printable cut list — plus lathe speed by diameter, stave construction angles for straight and tapered vessels, and turning blanks from a log.
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Open a Bambu Studio or OrcaSlicer .3mf or .gcode.3mf and see every plate — thumbnail, print time, filament per slot with colours in grams, metres and cost — the objects with their parts and modifiers, the printer, process and filament settings, and each plate's G-code, which opens in the G-code viewer or costs out in the filament job planner.
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Look up a Bambu Lab HMS code (XXXX_XXXX_XXXX_XXXX) or print error (XXXX_XXXX) and see it taken apart — module, AMS unit, part or slot, severity — with a short meaning and what to do for about 210 common codes, and a link to Bambu's wiki page. Paste a printer report and every code in it is decoded.
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Type a transaction (bytes, addresses, read or write) for SPI, I²C, UART, 1-Wire, SD card SPI-mode init or JTAG and get a zoomable, animated timing diagram with every phase labelled. Step through it bit by bit with an explanation of each one, inject errors to see how a decoder reacts, or paste a capture and decode it.
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Check a DXF before it goes to the laser or router — units and inch/mm mix-ups, open contours with their gap sizes, duplicate and overlapping lines, tiny segments, splines and ellipses, text that is not exploded, blocks, layers and colours, and features too small for the bit or kerf — then fix what can be fixed and export a clean R12 DXF or SVG.
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Build a set of Fusion 360 user parameters with each expression checked the way Fusion reads it (units, functions, if()), a configurations table of variants, hole and shaft sizes for ISO fits or printed clearances, and export them as the CSV Fusion's Change Parameters dialog imports, a ParameterIO file, or a Python script.
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Hand-assemble a KiCad board from its .kicad_pcb: the BOM grouped by value and footprint with placed and sourced ticks, the parts of the row you are on lit up on front and back drawings (click a part to find its row), side and DNP filters, progress kept per board, keyboard-driven, stock and bins from your Parts inventory, and a standalone HTML copy to keep with the board.
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Open a KiCad board (.kicad_pcb, KiCad 6–9) in the browser and look round it — every layer toggled, tracks, vias, zones, pads and footprints drawn as KiCad places them, the back seen from underneath, a net lit up with a click (its pads and track length), measure, find a part, board facts with the smallest clearance, export the visible layers as SVG or PNG, and send the outline to the enclosure maker.
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Open KiCad footprints (.kicad_mod, a whole .pretty folder) and symbol libraries (.kicad_sym), see each footprint's pads, courtyard, fab and silkscreen drawn, and get a list of problems with a severity and a one-line reason — courtyard, pin 1, silk on pads, holes and annular rings, paste, origin, naming; and for symbols off-grid and overlapping pins, duplicate numbers, power pin types, hidden power pins, reference, footprint and datasheet fields.
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Time on air for any LoRa packet, LoRaWAN data rate or Meshtastic preset, and what it means: messages per hour under the EU duty-cycle sub-bands, the US 400 ms dwell time and TTN's fair-use policy, sensitivity and range per spreading factor, an airtime chart and a battery estimate.
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Decode a LoRaWAN PHYPayload — join requests and accepts, uplinks and downlinks with every FHDR field — check the MIC, decrypt the payload with your session keys, decrypt join accepts and derive the session keys, read MAC commands, and decode CayenneLPP.
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Decode Meshtastic packets from hex, base64 or a live MQTT feed — ServiceEnvelopes, MeshPackets, Data and raw over-the-air frames — decrypting channel traffic with your keys, with a byte-by-byte field view and a list and map of the nodes heard.
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Compose PS/2 keyboard and mouse traffic, WS2812 pixel data, IR remote codes (NEC, RC5, RC6, Sony), DMX512 packets, MIDI bytes and Centronics printer handshakes, and step through the timing diagram bit by bit — with error injection, decoders for pasted captures and Flipper/IRremote files, VCD export and a hand-off to the logic analyser.
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Turn KiCad's position file (or the .kicad_pcb itself) and BOM into the placement file JLCPCB, PCBWay or Seeed want — the right columns, mm or inches, top/bottom naming, origin, bottom-side mirroring, an editable table of per-footprint rotation offsets, DNP left out — with a drawing of every part and its pin 1, and a JLCPCB BOM with LCSC numbers from a field or your Parts inventory.
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Turn a Raspberry Pi Pico (or an ESP32) running stock MicroPython into a bench tool driven from the browser — GPIO and PWM, an I²C scanner with register reads, SPI with flash JEDEC ID decoding, a UART bridge, 1-Wire thermometers, a live ADC plot, a PS/2 keyboard sniffer, and a PIO logic capture that opens in the logic analyser. No custom firmware.
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Paste or open a CNC program posted from Fusion and check it against the controller it will run on — GRBL, grblHAL, Marlin, LinuxCNC or a Haas/Fanuc-style mill: unsupported codes, arcs it will reject, modal state the program relies on, feeds of zero, cutting with the spindle off, fast plunges, low rapids, moves past the machine's travel, and a run-time estimate.
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Open a STEP, IGES or BREP file in the browser — the assembly tree with each part's visibility and colour, measuring (distances, CAD edge lengths, hole diameters from round edges, face areas), a section plane, an exploded view, size, volume and mass — and export STL or GLB, or hand parts to the mesh tools.
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Every GRBL $-setting for an X-Carve (500/750/1000 mm, X-Carve Pro), a Shapeoko or a generic GRBL router, computed and explained, compared with your controller's $$ and written back one at a time — plus calibration: steps/mm, squaring, tram, switches, touch plate, spoilboard surfacing and bit feeds.
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Write Cortex-M assembly and step through it on a simulated microcontroller: a GNU-syntax assembler for Thumb and Thumb-2 with literal pools and IT blocks, every 16- and 32-bit encoding split into its fields bit by bit, registers and NZCV with changes highlighted, memory and stack views, breakpoints, LEDs and switches on GPIO, a UART terminal, SysTick interrupts through a vector table, and Cortex-M0 or M3 cycle counts.
Tool ·
Available fault current by the point-to-point method — transformer or utility figure, then conductor runs — with the formulas shown, motor contribution, and a check against equipment ratings (110.9, 110.10, 110.24).
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Count a box's fill the NEC 2023 way (314.16): pick a metal box from Table 314.16(A) or enter a plastic box's marked volume, add conductors by size, loops, clamps, studs, devices and grounds with big +/− buttons, and see the cubic inches needed against the box, with a bar and the boxes that would fit.
Tool ·
For your flying fields: the hourly forecast — wind and gusts at 10 m and the wind at 80 and 120 m, rain, cloud and an estimated cloud base, visibility, temperature — and the geomagnetic Kp index, judged against each aircraft's limits as a go / marginal / no timeline for 48 hours or 7 days, with the reasons, the best windows and the runway crosswind.
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Conduit bending marks for offsets, rolling offsets, saddles, 90° stubs, back-to-back 90s, kicks, segment bends and parallel offsets — drawn to scale, in inches to 1/16, with the 360° rule between pull points.
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Conduit fill by NEC 2023 Chapter 9: choose the raceway (EMT, IMC, RMC, PVC 40/80, ENT, FMC, LFMC, LFNC…) and add conductors by insulation and size — the fill against 53, 31 or 40 % (60 % for a nipple), the smallest trade size of each type, a drawing of the cross-section, the jam ratio for three conductors, and an Annex C-style table of how many fit.
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Enter a plant as a transfer function — polynomials or poles, zeros and gain, continuous or sampled — or pick a DC motor, mass–spring–damper, inverted pendulum, thermal or dead-time preset, add a P, PI, PID or lead/lag controller, and see the step and impulse responses with rise, overshoot, settling and steady-state error, the Bode plot with gain and phase margins, the Nyquist plot, a root locus you drag the gain along, and the closed-loop pole–zero map, with Ziegler–Nichols, IMC and SIMC tuning.
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Design FIR (windowed sinc, Parks–McClellan, frequency sampling) and IIR (Butterworth, Chebyshev I/II, elliptic) low-, high-, band-pass and band-stop filters for a sample rate, with the order estimated from your ripple and attenuation; see magnitude, phase, group delay, poles and zeros, impulse and step; round the coefficients to Q15/Q31 to see what breaks; export C, CMSIS-DSP and scipy code; and listen to it running on noise, a sweep, your microphone or a file.
Tool ·
Plan a tiled floor or wall to scale — straight, ½ or ⅓ offset, herringbone or diagonal — with the layout shifted to avoid slivers, every cut size, the starting lines to snap, tiles and boxes, thinset and grout; plus drywall sheets chosen for the fewest butt joints with screws, mud and tape, paint by surface and coat, and plank or sheet flooring.
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What service a one-family house needs under NEC Article 220: standard and optional methods, an existing house adding an EV charger or heat pump, the neutral, and a printable step-by-step worksheet like the Annex D examples.
Tool ·
How long a charge takes and what it costs — Level 1, Level 2 or DC fast with a taper curve, the car's on-board charger limit, losses, flat or time-of-use prices — the range it adds per hour, the cost per mile against petrol, and the home charger circuit: 125 % breaker, wire size and receptacle under NEC 2023.
Tool ·
A searchable phone cheat sheet: US wire colours (incl. 277/480 V), NEMA receptacle faces and ratings, GFCI and AFCI locations, working space, breaker/wire pairings and torque.
Tool ·
Displacement from bore, stroke and cylinders; static and dynamic compression from the chamber, gasket, deck, piston and the cam's intake closing; rod ratio and piston speed; airflow and horsepower–torque; and gearing — speed at rpm in every gear with a shift chart, rpm at cruise, and which final drive to pick.
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Choose 5.8 GHz video channels for a group of pilots — analogue bands, HDZero, DJI and Walksnail — keeping them apart and away from intermodulation products, with a frequency table and a range estimate for video and ExpressLRS links.
Tool ·
Plan a quad build (all-up weight, thrust-to-weight, hover throttle, flight time, prop clearance), compare and convert Betaflight rates and test them with your transmitter, diff two Betaflight CLI dumps into a script, and open a blackbox log to plot gyro, PIDs and motors with a noise spectrum.
Tool ·
Roof pitch ↔ angle ↔ rise/run; common, hip, valley and jack rafters with the birdsmouth, ridge reduction and speed-square marks drawn to scale; gable studs; rafter, ceiling-joist and header sizes from the IRC span tables; a stud-by-stud wall take-off with headers; and shingles, sheathing, underlayment, drip edge and ridge cap for the roof.
Tool ·
List what must run in an outage — fridge, well and sump pumps, furnace, AC and heat pump by tonnage, EV charger, lights, tools — with running watts and starting surge from the code letter or locked-rotor amps (and soft starters); find the start order with the lowest peak, the generator size after derating for altitude, heat and fuel, fuel per hour and runtime from your tank, leg balance, and what NEC 702 asks of the transfer switch.
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Size the grounding and bonding conductors by NEC 2023 Article 250: the equipment grounding conductor from the breaker (Table 250.122, upsized in proportion when the hots are upsized), the grounding electrode conductor from the service conductors (Table 250.66) with the rod, concrete-encased and ring limits, and the main, system and supply-side bonding jumpers (Table 250.102(C)(1) and the 12.5 % rule) — each with what it does and why.
Tool ·
Airflow from heating and cooling loads, room airflow in proportion to room loads (imported from the heat-loss tool if you like), trunk-and-branch duct sizing by the equal-friction method in the manner of Manual D, round and rectangular sizes, velocities, registers and grilles, the static-pressure budget and a fan-curve check — with the layout drawn.
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Tune a Kalman filter live and watch it work — a 1-D value, 2-D tracking with constant-velocity and constant-acceleration models, an extended Kalman filter for a range–bearing sensor, GPS + accelerometer fusion, and complementary filter against Kalman for tilt (with your phone's sensors) — stepping through predict and update with every matrix shown, covariance ellipses, innovations and NIS/NEES consistency against chi-square bounds.
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Keep a register of your LiPo packs — cells, capacity, C rating, chemistry, age, cycles, and internal resistance over time on a chart — with a quick log after each charge or flight, warnings for rising IR, out-of-balance cells, old and puffed packs, calculators for charge current and time, storage voltage, parallel charging and airline watt-hour limits, and QR labels that open a pack's record.
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Design a model plane's wing: straight, tapered, swept, multi-panel, delta or flying-wing planforms → area, aspect ratio, MAC drawn on the planform, neutral point with the tail, CG range by static margin, wing and cube loading, stall speed; NACA 4/5-digit or pasted .dat airfoils; laser-cut ribs with spar notches, sheeting and lightening holes as SVG, DXF or a 1:1 PDF.
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Size a motor circuit by NEC Article 430: full-load current, conductors, breaker or fuses by Table 430.52, overloads, disconnect, grounding conductor, starting kVA and voltage dip, a feeder for several motors, and a one-line summary card.
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Plug an ELM327 adapter into the car and read it from the browser over Bluetooth LE or USB — live gauges and graphs with CSV logging, stored, pending and permanent trouble codes with descriptions, the freeze frame, readiness monitors, the VIN, and clearing codes — or try it all on a simulated car.
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What's worth looking at tonight: the Messier and Caldwell objects and some showpiece stars ranked for your place, sky and telescope through the dark hours, each with an altitude chart; the night's cloud, transparency and dew forecast; a saved observing list, a session log you can download, and the Messier marathon's best night and running order.
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Size a stand-alone solar system from a list of what you run — cabin, van, boat or tiny house — and your location's month-by-month sunshine (Open-Meteo, or your own peak sun hours): the PV array for the worst month or the year, how to string the modules (cold Voc under the controller's limit, NEC 690.7; 1.25 × Isc, 690.8), MPPT or PWM, the LiFePO4 or lead-acid bank in series and parallel, the inverter, a month-by-month balance with generator hours, and a single-line diagram.
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Lay out and balance a 120/240 V, 208Y/120 V or 480Y/277 V panel: circuits, poles and breakers, per-phase VA, amps and neutral, imbalance, demand against the main, checks, and a printable schedule or CSV.
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The planets in your eyepiece, drawn to scale at your magnification and flipped the way your telescope shows them: Jupiter's four big moons and their transits, shadows, eclipses and occultations, and when the Great Red Spot crosses; Saturn's ring tilt and its moons; Mars's central meridian and markings; Venus's and Mercury's phases.
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Size drains, stacks and building drains from drainage fixture units, vents by developed length, trap arms, drain slope, water supply pipe from fixture units (Hunter's curves, Hazen–Williams loss and the available-pressure method) and the water heater — by the 2021 IPC or the 2021 UPC, with each table cited.
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Pinion and spur to final drive ratio, rollout and theoretical top speed from Kv or motor turns; a pinion × spur table with a target highlighted; gear mesh centre distance against the motor-mount slot; shock oil, diff oil and spring rate conversions; and setup sheets per car that you can compare, export and print.
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Work out what a motor, propeller and LiPo will do together — RPM, current, voltage sag, power, efficiency, static thrust, pitch speed, thrust-to-weight, hover or cruise throttle and flight time — with warnings for the motor, ESC and battery, a throttle sweep chart and up to three setups side by side.
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Write RV32IM assembly and step through it: an assembler with pseudo-instructions and %hi/%lo, the machine code beside each line with every format's fields decoded bit by bit, registers with changes highlighted, memory and stack views, breakpoints, RARS-style ecalls, LEDs and switches on a memory-mapped device, and a 5-stage pipeline diagram of what ran, with stalls, forwarding and flushes.
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Plan the 12/24/48 V side of a camper van, RV or boat: wire size by voltage drop (3 % critical, 10 % non-critical, ABYC E-11 style) and ampacity with engine-room and bundling derates, the fuse that protects it and how close to the battery it must sit, a battery bank in series and parallel with balanced wiring and the main fuse its short-circuit current needs, alternator DC-DC and shore chargers, a busbar and fuse-block layout, and a daily amp-hour budget.
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Servo arm, horn and hinge offset → surface throw in degrees and mm at the trailing edge (solved exactly, with a linkage drawing), and the arm or horn for a target throw; end points, rates and expo curves; elevon, V-tail, flaperon and crow mixes shown live from sliders or a USB transmitter; and the servo torque a surface needs.
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Design a loudspeaker enclosure from a driver's Thiele/Small parameters — sealed, vented (QB3, B4, BB4, C4 or your own tuning) or 4th-order band-pass — with SPL, cone excursion against Xmax, group delay, impedance and port air speed plotted, the port length worked out, and the box turned into panel sizes and a cut list.
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A polyphonic subtractive synthesizer in the browser — three oscillators with pulse-width modulation, noise and unison, a resonant 12 or 24 dB filter with its own envelope, two LFOs, glide and mono legato, distortion, chorus, delay and reverb, an arpeggiator, 26 original presets, and an "explain" mode that says what each section does. Play it on screen, from the computer keyboard or a MIDI keyboard.
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Polar alignment (where Polaris or σ Octantis sits on your polar-scope reticle right now, and drift alignment), setting circles (RA/Dec to altitude and azimuth and back, hour angle, sidereal time), and a GoTo controller over Web Serial for Celestron NexStar, Sky-Watcher SynScan and Meade LX200 mounts — connect, read where it points, slew, sync, nudge and stop. It refuses to slew near the Sun.
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Transformer kVA and amps, 450.3(B) protection, 240.21(C) secondary conductors, buck-boost selection with a wiring diagram, delta/wye and the high-leg delta, and the power triangle with PF correction.
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Compare two car tyre sizes — metric, P- and LT-metric, or flotation like 33x12.50R15 — for diameter, width, sidewall and revs per mile, see the speedometer error at each speed and the ride-height change, draw them to scale, check rim widths, and work out wheel offset, backspacing, poke and inner clearance.
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The smallest US conductor (NEC 2023) for a load, rule by rule — 125 % of continuous load at the terminations, ambient and bundling corrections, the breaker it must be protected by, the 14/12/10 AWG limits, parallel sets — and voltage drop by the K-factor or Chapter 9 Table 9 method, with the rule that governs highlighted. Or the reverse: what a given wire will carry and how far.
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One page for every Klipper (Moonraker), OctoPrint and Bambu Lab (LAN mode) printer on your network — state, job, progress, time left, layer, temperatures with a graph, webcam, filament, and for Bambu printers the AMS spools and decoded HMS messages — with pause, resume, cancel and start, alerts when a print finishes, fails or a printer sits idle, and a job queue. Through a small relay you run, directly, or as a simulated demo farm.
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Connect several Bluetooth sensors at once — heart-rate straps, power meters, speed and cadence sensors, running pods, smart trainers, thermometers, Xiaomi LYWSD03MMC, scales — with big live numbers and graphs, one timeline logged in the browser and exported as CSV, and ERG workouts and free rides on an FTMS trainer.
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Write effects for the Boing Ball lamp in JavaScript, the way the firmware's are written — render(ctx, out) over the lamp's 128 cells — watch them on a 3-D ball with the lamp's real cells and on a flat map, stream them to the lamp over Bluetooth, or run them as a full-screen screensaver that shuffles the effects and bounces the ball.
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Control the Boing Ball lamp from the browser over Bluetooth — the lamp's own control page (effects, brightness, playlist, clock and weather, LED calibration, WiFi set-up) with every request carried over BLE, plus a console for its text commands.
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Candles: wax, fragrance and dye for a jar, tin or pillar mould by wax type (soy, paraffin, beeswax, coconut, palm, gel), pouring temperatures, cure time, a wick band by diameter and the burn test. Soap: a lye calculator with 36 oils and fats — NaOH or KOH, superfat, water by concentration, ratio or % of oils, recipe in grams, ounces and per cent, batch sized to a mould, quality numbers from fatty-acid profiles, fragrance, and lye safety.
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Size a shop's compressed air: the SCFM your tools need with their duty cycles, your compressor against it with tank pump-down and recovery times and starts per hour, pipe pressure drop for copper, black iron, aluminium or PEX-AL-PEX (Darcy–Weisbach and a rule of thumb), how much water the air drops and its dew point, and the motor's current and circuit.
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Mix and bag counts for cast concrete and its relatives — volume from a countertop with a sink cut-out, a round or square planter, a sphere, a block or an STL — with mix designs by weight and volume for concrete, mortar, wet-cast countertop mix, GFRC face and backer coats, hypertufa, gypsum plasters by consistency, Jesmonite AC100 and Forton MG; water and water/cement ratio, US and UK bags, pigment loading, reinforcement, a strength curve, release agents for each mould material, sealers and a printable plan.
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Lay out a dust-collection duct system as a tree — mains, branches and machines with their recommended airflow — and see the air speed in every run, the static-pressure loss from friction (Darcy–Weisbach with Colebrook) and fittings, the worst machine with one or two gates open, and the operating point where the system curve meets your collector's fan curve.
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Open a machine embroidery file (DST, PES, PEC, JEF, EXP, VP3, XXX) and see it stitched — stitch count, colours, trims, jumps, size, whether it fits your hoop, thread per colour and sewing time, a stitch-by-stitch replay — then recolour, rotate, mirror, scale or split long stitches and save it as DST, PES, JEF or EXP.
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Metal casting for a hobby foundry — an alloys table with pouring temperatures, shrink and hazards; metal needed from a volume, an STL or a pattern's weight (the wax-to-metal rule) with crucible size and number of melts; sand-casting allowances, Bernoulli choke area, pouring time, gating ratios and Chvorinov risers, flask and sand mix; investment powder and water and wax or PLA burnout schedules on a graph; lost foam; the energy, fuel and time to melt; a crucible-furnace build; and a printable safety checklist.
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Stream G-code from the browser over Web Serial to a GRBL, grblHAL or FluidNC CNC router or laser, or a Marlin 3D printer — with jogging, work zero, overrides, a live toolpath preview, a bounds check, and a console.
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Icosahedral geodesic domes 1V–6V (class I) — whole spheres, 3V 3/8 and 5/8, 2V/4V/6V halves, or any hub ring — with strut types, chord factors, lengths and counts, hub types and the angles at them, dihedral angles, floor size, height, surface and volume, panel templates (fabric seam allowance or ply edge bevels), a cut list packed into your stock lengths, and a 3-D preview coloured by strut; plus Platonic solids and the truncated icosahedron as fold-up lamp-shade templates.
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Lay out LED strips, frames, rings and matrix panels in millimetres, watch patterns run on them, and get the current, supply, voltage drop and power injection points, feeder wire and fuses, data outputs and frame rate — then export a WLED ledmap and segments, ESPHome YAML, a FastLED XY map and a bill of materials.
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Design labels from templates — title, text and QR codes with captions, big text, bins and drawers, barcodes, asset tags, cable flags, Wi-Fi, if-found, food dates, filament spools, warnings, addresses — see them dot for dot, number a run or paste rows from a spreadsheet, and print straight to a Niimbot label printer over Bluetooth or USB.
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Is it safe to cut? A materials table for CO₂, diode and fibre lasers and CNC routers with the reason for each rating, how to identify an unknown plastic without burning it, and a settings library per machine — starting points for 40–80 W CO₂ and 5–20 W diode lasers, scaling by wattage, JSON, CSV and LightBurn .clb export, and printable test cards.
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Watch every message on your MIDI ports decoded (notes, controllers, programs, pitch bend, clock and BPM, MTC, SysEx with the maker's name and identity replies), play a keyboard with wheels and assignable sliders, send raw bytes and SysEx files, and program a 16-step drum or melodic sequencer — with a built-in synth when there's no device.
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Printable safety cards and posters for each machine in a makerspace — A4 and A5 posters, A6 cards four to a sheet, or small Niimbot labels — with ISO 7010-style signs for PPE, hazards and rules, allowed and banned materials, key settings, who to ask, and a QR code that opens the machine's page and induction.
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Book the laser, the printers and the CNC at a makerspace — day and week views, drag to book, opening hours, slot length, longest booking and a gap between bookings per machine, clashes refused, repeating maintenance blocks, who's on now and next, a printable day sheet for the door, and .ics in and out. Runs on one shared tablet; sync another device by file.
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Induct members on a makerspace's machines — a checklist the inductor ticks with them, a shuffled quiz with a pass mark, and a dated sign-off that expires when the machine says — with a register of who is signed off on what, expiring and expired sign-offs, CSV export, printable sign-off cards and member passports, a machine page for QR codes, and an editor for the space file.
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Price a job for a member or a customer — sheet goods by area, filament and resin by weight, consumables, machine time at each machine's member and non-member rate (the laser estimated from cut length and speed), labour, design time, setup, waste and markup, discount, VAT or sales tax and a deposit — and print the quote with its line items and terms. Saved quotes, duplicates, any currency.
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Print to-do lists, shopping lists, notes, job cards, daily agendas, recipes, Wi-Fi guest cards, pictures and free-form receipts on a cheap thermal printer — ESC/POS 58 and 80 mm printers over USB, serial or Bluetooth, and the little Bluetooth "cat printers" — with a dot-for-dot preview of the paper strip.
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Resin for parts cast in a mould — volume from a shape, an STL, water displacement or a fill test, minus inserts; polyurethane, epoxy, UV and polyester classes with A and B by weight and volume; cold casting with metal or stone powder by weight and by volume; fillers and pigment; per part, per batch, kits and cost per part; how many moulds one mix fills before it gels; cure time against temperature; exotherm and shrinkage checks; slush and rotational shells; and a printable plan.
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Primary and micro-bevel angles for chisels, plane irons, gouges, knives, axes, scissors and drills by steel (O1, A2, PM-V11, D2, HSS, carbon, VG-10, stainless); a honing-guide projection calculator with the geometry derived and calibration from your guide's chart; a printable projection jig and laser-cut angle gauge (SVG and DXF); JIS / FEPA / micron grit conversion; and knife-sharpener rod angles.
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Nest DXF and SVG parts (or built-in shapes) true-shape onto sheets and remnants — quantities, gap and kerf, rotations, mirroring, grain lock, small parts inside holes — with a genetic search you can stop at any time, utilisation and cut length, and each sheet exported as SVG or R12 DXF with the original arcs.
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Plan a workshop's circuits — US 120/240 V split-phase or UK/EU 230/400 V three-phase — with breakers, wire and run lengths, and the machines on each (table saws, dust collectors, compressors, welders, kilns, lasers, 3-D printers, heaters, lights): what can run at once under the 80 % continuous rule, which motor starts will trip the breaker, voltage drop running and on start, three-phase currents, and a load schedule to print. A planning aid, not a substitute for an electrician.
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How much rubber a mould takes — one- and two-part block moulds, cut moulds, brush-on glove moulds and poured blanket moulds, from the part's size, a shape or an STL — with A and B by weight and volume, pot life and demould times, an inhibition checker, release agents for each pair of materials, degassing and pressure notes, mother mould materials, and a printable step list.
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Turn a photo into a stained-glass pattern whose pieces you can actually cut — a minimum size and width, no deep inside curves or holes — with smooth lead or foil lines, numbered pieces and a colour key, glass area per colour with waste, came and foil lengths, an editor to merge, split, move and recolour pieces, and a real-size cartoon plus a pattern copy drawn at the pattern-shear width; or into a mosaic of square tesserae (grid, brick or following the edges) in your own tile colours, with counts and a printable map.
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A lending desk for a makerspace's tool library — a catalogue with asset tags, check out by scanning the tool's QR code or typing its tag, due dates in the space's time zone, returns with a condition note, an overdue list, history per tool and per member, asset tags for the label maker and a QR sheet. Runs on one shared tablet; sync another device by file.
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Wrap-around templates for coping (fish-mouthing) round tube onto round or box-section tube — any angle down to 15°, offset branches, and several branches into one node fitted against each other — cut to the inside, mean or outside diameter; mitres for round, square and rectangular tube; hole-saw sizes, notcher angle, offset and clocking for each pass; a 3-D preview; printed at real size (tiled PDF or print), SVG and DXF.
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Text in a Google Font or an SVG, ready for a vinyl cutter — weeding box and weeding lines, a contour outline for stickers, mirroring for HTV, a layer per colour with registration marks, drag-knife blade offset with corner swivels and overcut, tiling across the roll — exported as SVG or HPGL, or sent straight to a USB-serial cutter.
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Design a wire harness — connectors from a library of common families (JST, Dupont, Molex, Deutsch DT, XT30/60/90, M8/M12, RJ45, D-sub, screw terminals), wires with colours, gauges, lengths, pairs and shields, splices and sleeves — and get the WireViz-style diagram, pin-outs with face views, a BOM with housings and crimp terminals, a cut list, a voltage-drop check, and cable flags for the label maker. Imports and exports WireViz YAML.
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Figures, spacecraft and retro machines I have made as 3-D models with Meshy.ai and prepared for printing — mostly people as Lemmings, Amiga history and 1980s TV. This page grows as I add models.
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The administration is starting a new military force, so I designed the one I'd expect: the AI Force — a squad of very typical geeks in hero suits, with a nod to Atari Force from the 1980s comics.
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I'm a big fan of the alien genre, so I wanted some funny aliens in my house: greys drinking coffee, on the phone, and doing see-no-evil — modelled in Meshy, printed, and hand painted.
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Space: 1999 was a show I loved watching as a kid, so two of my 3-D models are from it: an Eagle Transporter and a Moonbase Alpha astronaut.
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Quote 3D prints from the slicer's G-code (PrusaSlicer, OrcaSlicer, Bambu Studio, Cura), a sliced Bambu / Orca 3MF (one line per plate) or a model's volume — material and waste, electricity and heat-up, machine wear, failure allowance, setup and post-processing labour, extras, markup, a minimum charge and tax — with saved printer and material profiles and a printable quote.
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Android Debug Bridge in the browser — over WebUSB or the network (port 5555 through the gitwebsite app): device info, logcat, a shell, APK install, apps, files, screenshots and recordings, and a TV remote for Fire TV and Android TV.
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How long a microcontroller project runs on its battery — a duty cycle built from datasheet currents for the ESP32, ESP32-C3, ESP32-S3, nRF52840 and RP2040 (each cited to its table), capacity derating for temperature, ageing and cut-off, self-discharge, and an LDO's quiescent current or a switcher's efficiency — with a one-cycle current timeline, where the charge goes, and what-ifs.
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Plan a reach-in or walk-in closet as sections — double hang, long hang, medium hang, shelves, drawers and shoe shelves — with rod heights from published closet guidance, rod and shoe capacity, elevations, plan and isometric, a cut list for the towers, shelves and drawer boxes, a shopping list, and install steps.
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Joists, beams, posts and footings from the American Wood Council's DCA 6 span tables by species, grade and spacing, ledger fastener spacing, decking and guards, a framing plan, section and isometric, cut and shopping lists, build steps, and an optional pergola — a planning aid, not engineering.
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Decode FT8, PSK31, RTTY, CW and SSTV from a microphone, line-in, an audio file or the SDR receiver — FT8 with UTC slot timing, SNR, DT and frequency; make PSK31, RTTY and SSTV audio; and map WSPR and PSK Reporter spots for a callsign.
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Drawer box sizes from the opening and the slide maker's published clearances (Blum TANDEM and MOVENTO, Accuride 3832), joinery allowances and fronts; cabinet doors full overlay, half overlay or inset with reveals, Euro hinge cup boring and hinge count, and shaker rail, stile and panel sizes — with drawings, cut list, steps and a print view.
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A searchable electronics quick reference — Ohm's law to op-amps, filters, biasing and the diode equation, each with a calculator; E series, wire gauge with NEC ampacity, IPC-2221 trace current and clearances, logic levels, IC pinout drawings, decoupling, batteries, connectors and schematic symbols — plus a MOSFET/BJT switch calculator.
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Import your smart-meter data (Green Button XML or CSV, Octopus, Home Assistant, or any interval CSV) in the browser; see every hour as a heatmap, daily and monthly use, baseload and peaks; price it on flat, tiered and time-of-use tariffs you can edit; and try an EV, a heat pump, solar and a battery against your own hours.
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Plan an epoxy pour from start to finish — volume from a river-table outline, a rectangle, a cylinder, or area × depth; mix by volume or weight; the product's maximum pour depth turned into pours and waits; waste, kits and cost; the melamine form with a cut list; plan, section and isometric drawings; and step-by-step instructions.
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Draw a building floor by floor — walls with clean joins, doors, windows, stairs, rooms with their areas, dimensions, labels and scale-true furniture — over an imported plan image you calibrate and trace by hand or with automatic wall detection, see it in 3D, and export SVG, PNG, DXF (a layer set per floor) or JSON, or print it to scale.
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Lay out a French cleat wall — size, cleat rows, spacing and bevel, screws into the studs or a plywood backer — and a library of holders (screwdriver rack, drill holder, shelf, bin, clamp rack, saw till), each with its own cut list, drawn in elevation, section and isometric, with a shopping list and build steps.
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Design a bookcase, a base or wall cabinet carcass, or a workbench from its size, sheet thickness and joinery (screws, pocket screws, dados, rabbets) — joint allowances added to the cut lengths, back panel, fixed and adjustable shelves with shelf-pin holes, face frame, toe kick — with drawings, a side-panel layout, a cut list, sheet and board layouts and a shopping list from the cut list optimizer, shelf-sag checks and illustrated steps.
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Design 2x4 garage shelving — bays of tote rails (totes hang by the lip and slide out like drawers) and fixed plywood or OSB shelves, mixed per level, free-standing or screwed to the studs — with front, side and isometric drawings, a cut list, a shopping list packed by the cut list optimizer, span checks and illustrated build steps.
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The full Gridfinity designer — every gridfinity-extended generator with all its parameters, and tool inserts with pockets traced from a photo of your tools (or drawn, or picked from a parametric parts catalogue), rendered by real OpenSCAD in your browser and exported as STL, 3MF, or SVG / DXF sheet layers for foam, plywood and MDF.
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Turn a KiCad schematic (.kicad_sch with its sub-sheets), XML netlist or BOM CSV into a rollup for N boards: grouped by value and footprint or MPN, plus attrition and spares, checked against your Parts inventory stock, priced at Digi-Key with price breaks, and exported as a Digi-Key order CSV.
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Fix STL, 3MF and OBJ models that are not closed solids — weld, clean, remove debris, orient, split non-manifold edges, stitch slits, fill holes, union overlapping shells, or rebuild by voxel remesh — with the problems shown in 3-D, a step-by-step report, a before/after deviation map, and a hand-over to the mold maker and model splitter.
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Connect to a Meshtastic node over Bluetooth or USB to see its nodes, telemetry, channels and config and send messages; decode and make channel URLs and QR codes; plan LoRa links for every modem preset with a terrain profile; simulate flooding through a mesh; and map nodes from MQTT.
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The greyline on a world map now or at any time, solar flux and Kp from NOAA, a simple MUF and band-opening estimate for a path, beam heading and distance, an ADIF logbook with dupe checks, statistics, a contact map and POTA/SOTA activations, and APRS — decoded from packets, KISS or a live APRS-IS feed — on a map.
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Design a reflow profile from editable zones and check it against the solder paste's window (SAC305 from Indium8.9HF's data sheet, Sn63Pb37 from Kester EP256's) and the J-STD-020E limits for your most sensitive package — ramp, soak, time above liquidus, peak and cooling — on a plot; overlay and compare oven thermocouple logs, and export JSON or CSV.
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A software-defined radio in the browser — an RTL-SDR dongle over WebUSB, an rtl_tcp server, a recorded IQ file or a built-in test band — with a spectrum and waterfall, click-to-tune, WBFM, NBFM, AM, USB, LSB and CW, squelch, band presets, bookmarks, and audio and IQ recording.
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Home Assistant from the browser (entities and history, a service caller built from each service's schema, a template tester, the event bus), an automation YAML linter and explainer, Shelly, Tasmota and Hue controls, and a Matter setup-code decoder and encoder.
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Risers and treads from the total rise, checked against IRC R311.7 (and AWC DCA 6 for deck stairs) — stringer layout with the throat check, headroom and stairwell opening, side elevation, plan and isometric drawings, cut and shopping lists, build steps, and a 1:1 printable step template.
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A phone-sized remote for LG webOS (SSAP and its pointer socket), Roku (External Control Protocol) and Samsung Tizen TVs on your network — apps, inputs, volume, text entry and toasts — plus developer-mode notes for each.
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Turn an SVG or DXF drawing into G-code for a CNC router — pockets (offset or zig-zag), inside / outside profiles with tabs and lead-ins, drilling with pecks, engraving and V-carving — with a tool library fed from the router chip-load table, GRBL / LinuxCNC / Marlin output, a 3-D toolpath preview, a material-removal simulation and a time estimate.
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Anodizing and electroplating numbers: current from current density and the part's area, anodizing time by the 720 rule and a Faraday estimate, Type II / III ranges, dye and seal notes; plating mass, thickness and time by Faraday's law for copper, nickel, zinc, tin, silver and gold; surface area from simple shapes or an STL — with the safety notes, and no cyanide.
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Beam solver for simply supported, cantilever, propped, fixed and overhanging beams with point, uniform, triangular and moment loads — shear, moment, slope and deflection diagrams, stresses from a section-property calculator, steel, aluminium, wood and 3D-printed materials — plus Euler and Johnson column buckling and a drawable 2-D truss solver with tension, compression and member buckling.
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A wear and service log for your bikes: parts with install date and distance, rides typed in or imported from GPX, FIT or CSV, reminders by distance and time, chain-stretch checks against the 0.5% / 0.75% rule, service history and costs — kept in your browser, with JSON backup.
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Build digital circuits by dragging gates, switches, clocks, LEDs and 7-segment displays, watch the signals light up, and go further with flip-flops, counters, adders, an ALU, RAM and ROM, your own sub-circuits, truth tables with minimised expressions, expression-to-circuit, a timing diagram with real gate delays, and a tiny CPU that runs a program.
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A private electronics parts inventory in your browser — scan Digi-Key, Mouser and LCSC bag labels with the camera, identify chips, boards, modules and code-less parts from a photo — by their markings or how they look (on your device), import orders, carts and KiCad BOMs, search by value ("10k 0603 1%"), plan builds for N boards, and get per-supplier purchase lists with price breaks; with storage locations, QR labels printed on sheets or straight to a Niimbot label printer, photos, and optional Digi-Key/Mouser/Nexar API lookups.
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Setup/hold slack with a timing diagram, clock-domain crossing patterns with Verilog and synchroniser MTBF, iCE40 and ECP5 PLL settings that match icepll and ecppll, FIFO depth, VESA/CTA-861 video timings with a Verilog generator, UART divisors, BRAM/DSP counts, parallel CRC and LFSR generators, and pin-constraint files for eleven boards.
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Write Verilog, simulate it with Icarus Verilog, synthesise with Yosys and build a bitstream for Lattice iCE40, ECP5, CrossLink-NX, MachXO or Gowin FPGAs — or synthesise for Xilinx and Intel and export a Vivado or Quartus project — with the real open-source FPGA tools in your browser, and 44 documented examples.
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ISO 286 hole and shaft limits computed from the standard — H7/g6, H7/k6, H7/p6 or any class to 500 mm — with clearance, transition or interference drawn as tolerance zones; a size-range table; the ANSI B4.1 classes; thread dimensions for metric, UNC/UNF, BSP and NPT; a thread identifier; ISO 273 clearance holes; and the IT grade your 3D printer really holds.
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Live aircraft near you or any airport — on a map or an offline radar scope, in a sortable table, and as an "overhead now" list — from public ADS-B feeds or your own receiver's aircraft.json, with trails, altitude colours, emergency-squawk alerts and a watchlist.
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Open a zip of Gerbers and drill files, see the copper, mask, silkscreen, paste and outline stacked or as a realistic top or bottom board, measure, and check the design against JLCPCB, PCBWay or OSH Park's published limits — trace width, spacing, drills, annular rings, edge clearance, mask slivers, silk on pads — with every problem marked on the board.
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Glaze recipe ↔ unity molecular (Seger) formula with a cited materials database — Si:Al, flux balance, the Stull chart, Appen thermal expansion for crazing checks, cone 6 and cone 10 limit formulas, a target formula solved back into a recipe, batches, and line and triaxial blends.
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Learn Verilog by writing it: 23 lessons from gates to UARTs, VGA timing, FIFOs and pipelines, each checked by a hidden testbench that simulates your module and shows the waveform and every mismatch — plus a sandbox simulator and a logic-sim → Verilog converter.
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Orton cone chart at 15, 60 and 150 °C per hour; a firing-schedule builder with a graph, total time, cone reached and energy cost; clay shrinkage and absorption with size-to-make; plaster and water for moulds; and slip specific gravity, water to add and deflocculant.
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Living hinges (straight, wave, diamond, honeycomb, spiral, serpentine) with a bend-radius estimate and an animated bend; the saw-kerf bending formula; finger, T-slot, egg-crate and snap-fit joints with kerf compensation and fit; a press-fit coupon, kerf test, polygons, stars and gear outlines; and nesting on sheets — as SVG with LightBurn, xTool or Glowforge layer colours, or DXF R12.
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Gaussian beams (waist, Rayleigh range, divergence, w(z), R(z), Gouy phase, M²), focusing to a spot and beam expanders, ABCD q-parameter propagation through a train of lenses with an animated full-screen envelope plot, two-mirror cavity stability on the g₁g₂ diagram, fibre NA, V number, modes, cutoff and Marcuse mode field diameter, a dB link budget, modal and chromatic dispersion, approximate laser-safety MPE and NOHD, and photon arithmetic.
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Change gears for screw cutting on any lathe — simple and compound trains from your own gear set, the 127-tooth gear for metric on an inch leadscrew, and the error in ppm — thread-cutting passes and the 29.5° compound, clean knurling diameters, taper turning and Morse tapers, hardening and tempering O1, A2, D2, W1, 1045 and 4140 with temper colours, and a casting calculator for shrinkage, metal to melt and crucible size.
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Mechanisms you can play with — an animated four-bar linkage with the Grashof check, its type, the coupler curve and the transmission angle; slider-cranks with stroke and quick return; disc cams with uniform, harmonic, cycloidal and 3-4-5 motion, pressure angle and undercut check; a 2- or 3-link robot arm you drag by the hand, with both inverse-kinematics solutions; and differential-drive kinematics and odometry for small robots.
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Turn a photo into a printable lithophane — flat, curved, a cylinder lamp shade, a globe band, a heart or a framed shape — with a backlit preview, or into an embossed relief; make raised or engraved signs and nameplates in Google Fonts with the layer to change filament at; and extrude an SVG into coloured solids. STL and 3MF out, closed and manifold.
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Decode 1090 MHz Mode S and ADS-B messages field by field — CRC and parity, callsign, altitude, CPR positions with the maths shown, velocity, Gillham codes and Comm-B — from pasted hex, AVR or Beast frames, or live from your receiver over a WebSocket.
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Simulate a model rocket's flight from real motor thrust curves — altitude, speed and acceleration, apogee, the right ejection delay, launch-rod speed and descent under the parachute — check its stability with the Barrowman centre of pressure and a side-view drawing, size the parachute, and look up motor classes and the NAR/Tripoli safety codes.
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Split a model that is too big for your printer into pieces that fit — suggested cuts (fewest pieces, small seams, no slivers, little support, cuts at narrow waists) or your own planes placed with a gizmo — with pins, keys, dovetails, a lip, magnets or bolts on the cut faces, every piece laid flat and numbered, and STL / 3MF plates plus an assembly README.
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Turn an STL, 3MF, OBJ or STEP part into what you need to cast it — pick the process first: a printed rigid mould (automatic parting, keys, sprue, risers, vents, bolts, inserts), a silicone mould (a fitted pour box, a printed master, or brush-on silicone in a printed mother mould), a plaster slip-casting mould with printable case moulds, or a metal-casting pattern (lost-PLA investment pattern with sprue, feeder and flask, or a split sand pattern with match plate and core box) — with step-by-step instructions and quantities, exported as STL, 3MF, OBJ, STEP and DXF, laid flat on your printer's bed.
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Size the moving parts of a printer, CNC or robot — closed-loop and open timing belts (GT2/GT3/HTD/T5/MXL), lead and ball screws (efficiency, back-driving, torque, critical speed, buckling), DC motors and gearbox ratios from Kt/Kv and stall figures, hobby servo torque at an arm, and whether an axis will move at your acceleration.
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Printable parts from a few numbers — Gridfinity bins and drawer-filling baseplates to the spec, PCB enclosures from a size or a KiCad / DXF outline (standoffs, snap / screw / sliding lids, USB-C, RJ45 and other cut-outs, vents, lid text), knobs for D, knurled and round shafts, ISO and UNC/UNF threads with print clearance, nuts, bolts and screw-lid boxes — previewed in 3-D and exported as STL, 3MF or STEP.
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Identify a tiny part from the code printed on it — a cited list of common SOT-23, SOD and SMA transistor, MOSFET and diode markings with pinout drawings, EIA-96 and 3- / 4-digit resistor codes, and ceramic, EIA two-character and tantalum capacitor codes.
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Log a sensor for a science project from an Arduino, ESP32, Pico or micro:bit over USB (Web Serial) or Bluetooth, or from a simulated source: CSV, name:value, JSON and Serial Plotter lines plotted live with zoom and scroll, markers, per-channel statistics, units and calibration, the sample rate, recordings saved in your browser, CSV/JSON export, and example programs to copy.
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How much fabric — pattern pieces packed on the fabric width (folded or single, nap, seam allowance) — plus quick estimates for skirts, curtains and cushions, bias and binding, knitting and crochet gauge and resizing, CYC yarn weights and yarn quantities, increasing or decreasing evenly across a row, and grading measurements between sizes.
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Spoke lengths for each side of a wheel from the rim's ERD, the hub's flange diameters and centre-to-flange distances, spoke count, lacing and hole size — with rounding advice, bracing angles, the left/right tension ratio, rim offset, and an ERD-from-measurement helper.
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Break-even between making processes on a log quantity axis, worst-case and root-sum-square tolerance stack-up, Cp and Cpk from pasted measurements with a histogram, surface roughness by process against a bacterium and the 0.8 µm hygienic line, and ASTM F1980 accelerated-ageing times.
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Drag an idealised elbow model and watch the perpendicular moment arm, the cord force (with and without the forearm's own weight) and the cord travel change through the sweep, with the lever class and every assumption listed — plus average contact pressure with everything it cannot tell you, and the energy of a fall.
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The reusable worksheets from Human Biology for the Medical Maker as one fillable, versioned project file — brief with a need-statement checker, evidence separation, task map, constraints sweep, hazard chain ranked by judgement (no scores), requirements with a de-adjective helper, test and version records with change impact, a traceability matrix that shows the gaps, learning objective with a Bloom check, bench-result sentence and handover checklist. Saves in your browser; exports Markdown, CSV and JSON; prints cleanly.
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Tissues against engineering materials on one log scale of stiffness and strength, with the stress-shielding ratio; polymer glass-transition and service temperatures against laundry and steam-sterilisation temperatures, with the evidence gaps each figure leaves; and thermal expansion with the borosilicate versus soda-lime glass comparison.
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Predict passes of the ISS and amateur satellites over your location, with AOS, maximum elevation and LOS times, a sky plot, and Doppler-corrected uplink and downlink frequencies.
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Starting dimensions for half-wave dipoles and inverted-Vs, quarter-wave verticals and ground planes, J-poles, Moxon rectangles (W4RNL's equations), a 3-element Yagi and the end-fed half wave — with harmonic checks against the amateur bands and turns for 1:1 to 64:1 baluns and ununs.
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Your phone as a compass — magnetic or true north, with the declination worked out for where you are by the World Magnetic Model — and a spirit level: a bullseye for flat surfaces, a tube for edges, two-sided calibration, a target angle that beeps, and the slope in degrees, percent, inches per foot and mm per metre.
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Convert between SWR, reflection coefficient, return loss, mismatch loss and reflected power; work out coax loss for RG-58, RG-8X, RG-213, LMR-240/400/600, Ecoflex 10, Aircell 7 and RG-6 at any length and frequency, including the extra loss from SWR and the SWR the transmitter sees; and electrical lengths for stubs and phasing lines.
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Look up any frequency in the ITU, US, UK, and IARU Region 1 band plans; find a callsign's country, zones, and beam heading; convert Maidenhead locators and work out distance and bearing; and check repeater offsets, CTCSS and DCS tones, Q-codes, and phonetics.
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Design L-networks (both topologies, both solutions), Pi and T networks for a chosen Q, single shunt-stub matches and quarter-wave transformers for any load, with component values at the frequency, the loaded Q and bandwidth, and a check of the resulting input impedance.
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Photograph something next to a bank card or a sheet of paper, drag four handles onto the reference, and measure lengths, rectangles, and areas on that surface — perspective-corrected, with a magnifier, pinch-zoom, undo, and an annotated PNG to save.
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Learn Morse with the Koch method and Farnsworth spacing, send text as sound or a flashing light, and decode CW from the microphone or an audio file in the browser.
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Design Butterworth and Chebyshev LC ladder filters (low-pass, high-pass and band-pass) with the order for your stop-band spec and the response computed from the component values, and resistive attenuator pads — Pi, T, bridged-T and minimum-loss — with the power in each resistor and the nearest standard values.
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Photograph a wall, then lay pictures, a TV, a shelf, or a photo of furniture over it — moved, scaled, pinned by four corners onto an angled wall, or placed at its true size by measuring against a sheet of paper or a door in the shot.
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An interactive Smith chart: plot a load (or click to place one), add series and shunt inductors, capacitors and resistors, lengths of line and stubs, and watch the impedance move towards the centre — with the admittance grid, the VSWR circle, a table of every point and CSV/JSON export.
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Work out effective bits from SINAD or measured noise, build a worst-case and RSS error budget from the reference, gain, offset, INL, and divider tolerances, check whether a divider settles the ADC's sample capacitor in time, and plan oversampling.
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A live oscilloscope for your computer's audio inputs — triggered scope with cursors and measurements, XY (Lissajous), spectrum and spectrogram, and a tuner — plus a monitor to listen to the input and a two-channel signal generator for loop-back tests. Audio never leaves the page.
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Design a lithium battery pack — 18650, 21700, 26650, LiFePO₄ prismatic, or pouch cells in series and parallel (4S2P…) — with its voltage range, capacity, energy, continuous current, weight and size, the BMS and fuse it needs, and the resistance and heating of the nickel-strip links.
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Capacitor energy and charge, rectifier ripple and hold-up sizing, supercapacitor backup time, MLCC DC-bias derating, ESR heating and electrolytic life, series stacks with balancing resistors, a comparison of capacitor types — and |Z| and phase of real capacitors, inductors, and resistors, LC tanks, and decoupling networks.
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Design and analyse air-core coils (Nagaoka with Rosa's round-wire correction, and Wheeler), multilayer coils, and toroids from their AL value — with turns for a target inductance, wire resistance, skin effect, Q, self-resonance, peak flux, and stored energy.
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Pin-outs for over 100 connectors, each with its source — modern ones (USB-C with CC resistor values, RJ45 and PoE, RS-232, SWD/JTAG, VGA, HDMI, TRRS, Qwiic, OBD-II) and retro computer ports: Amiga Zorro and CPU slots, floppy, video, serial and keyboard; Atari 8-bit SIO, PBI and cartridge; Atari ST ACSI, MIDI and cartridge; C64 expansion, user and IEC ports; the Apple II slot, ZX Spectrum, MSX, BBC Micro, NES/SNES/Mega Drive pads, SCART, ISA, IDE and floppy.
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Size the load capacitors for a microcontroller's crystal from its load capacitance and the board's stray capacitance, estimate the frequency error of the capacitors you fit, and check the oscillator's gain margin and the crystal's drive level.
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Choose a current-sense shunt (drop, power rating, error), the gain of a current-sense amplifier into an ADC (INA180 A1–A4), the INA219's calibration register and LSBs, and scale a Hall-effect sensor such as the ACS712.
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Convert levels between dBm, dBW, dBV, dBu, dBmV, dBµV, watts, and volts (rms, peak, peak-to-peak) at any impedance; turn decibels into power and voltage ratios; and cascade gain, noise figure, and IP3 through a receiver chain to get its sensitivity and dynamic range.
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Flash, erase, verify, and back up ESP8266 and ESP32-family chips from the browser over Web Serial — offsets from file names or an ESP-IDF build folder's flasher_args.json, merged images, security state, region erase and read-back.
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Work out a brushed DC motor's stall and running current, the PWM current ripple for sign-magnitude and locked-antiphase drive, the PWM frequency you need, the H-bridge's conduction, switching and dead-time losses, and what coasting, braking and plugging do.
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Pick the devices on an I²C bus and see the 7-bit address map with clashes and reserved addresses, the address-pin strapping that makes them fit, and a TCA9548A multiplexer plan when they can't share one bus — for 53 common sensors, displays, expanders, ADCs, RTCs and EEPROMs.
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Arrange LEDs in series strings with ballast resistors and compare every arrangement, weigh resistors against LM317, two-transistor, and switching constant-current drivers, and plan PWM dimming with gamma-corrected brightness tables for your code.
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Check whether one chip's output can drive another's input — noise margins and over-voltage across TTL, HC/HCT, LVC, LVCMOS, ESP32, RP2040, STM32, and AVR — pick a level shifter by speed and bus type, design a divider and see its speed limit, and size open-drain pull-ups by rise time.
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Pinouts and specifications for 16 popular Microchip PICs from the PIC10F200 to the PIC18F45K22, a configuration-bits generator and decoder (XC8, pic-as, MPASM), timer, PWM, baud-rate, I²C and A/D clock calculators, a PIC16F84A assembler and simulator with LEDs, buttons and a 7-segment display, and an Intel HEX inspector.
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Simulate a PID controller on a first- or second-order plant with dead time — step response, overshoot, settling time, a load disturbance, output limits and anti-windup — get gains from Ziegler–Nichols, Cohen–Coon or SIMC tuning rules, copy the controller as C code, and play with a toy glucose loop to see what sensor and actuator delays do.
ElectronicsElectronicsSoftware engineeringBiology and medicine
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Chip resistor and capacitor sizes from 01005 to 2512 with power and voltage ratings, the smallest size for a given dissipation, imperial versus metric codes, and a searchable table of diode, transistor, power, SOIC/TSSOP/QFP, QFN/DFN, and BGA packages with body sizes, pitch, and how hard they are to hand-solder.
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Steps per mm for belts, lead screws, and gear reductions with microstepping; the resolution you can rely on; the reference voltage for A4988, DRV8825, and TMC2208/2209 drivers; and a corner-speed and step-rate check against your controller.
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Convert NTC thermistor resistance and temperature with the Beta model or a Steinhart–Hart fit from three points, design the divider into an ADC with its resolution per degree and self-heating, and convert PT100/PT1000 readings with the Callendar–Van Dusen equation.
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Size the base resistor for a BJT switch, work out a MOSFET's conduction and switching losses and junction temperature from its datasheet, check whether 3.3 V or 5 V drive is enough, design a high-side P-channel switch with an NPN driver, and handle inductive loads.
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Find a 3D printing problem by what it looks like — stringing, warping, ringing, layer shifts, under-extrusion, resin failures and more — then work through its causes, most likely first, with the fix and a quick test for each.
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Extruder e-steps (Marlin) and rotation_distance (Klipper), belt and lead-screw steps/mm, flow from a single-wall print, scale compensation, Z offset from a measured first layer, pressure-advance and input-shaping notes, and for Bambu Studio / OrcaSlicer the flow dynamics K, flow ratio, max volumetric speed and retraction tests.
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Design Butterworth, Bessel, Chebyshev, and Linkwitz–Riley op-amp filters — low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and notch — as Sallen–Key or multiple-feedback stages with standard resistor and capacitor values, then check the Bode plot, group delay, step response, tolerance spread, and a SPICE netlist.
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Duty-cycle battery life for IoT devices (sleep, radio bursts, sensor reads, hourly and daily events) with regulator quiescent current, temperature derating, and a daily energy budget; battery chemistries, series/parallel pack builder, charge time, and solar panel and battery sizing.
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Paste a bed mesh from Klipper, Marlin (bilinear or UBL), Prusa G81, or printer.cfg and see it as a heatmap and a rotatable 3D surface, with flatness statistics, tilt from a plane fit, how far to turn each levelling screw, and a before/after comparison.
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Connect to a Bluetooth Low Energy device from the browser, browse its GATT services, read, write, and subscribe to characteristics with decoders for standard sensors, graph live values, and look up UUIDs.
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Board feet and cubic metres, nominal versus actual sizes for dimensional lumber and hardwood sold in quarters, prices per board foot, linear foot, piece, or m³, a lumber list with waste factor and totals, and approximate weight.
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Interactive pinouts for 36 boards — ESP32, -S2, -S3, -C3, -C5, -C6, -H2 and -P4 (Espressif DevKits, XIAO, Adafruit QT Py and Feather V2, ESP32-CAM, Nano ESP32), ESP8266, Raspberry Pi Pico and Pico 2, Arduino Uno R3/R4, Nano, Mega and Leonardo, Pro Micro, Teensy 4.0, STM32 Blue and Black Pill, and the Raspberry Pi header — with a pin planner, board comparison, and ESPHome/Arduino/MicroPython export.
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X/Y coordinates for bolt circles, partial arcs, rows, and grids — with a drawing, chord distances, CSV export, and a ready-to-run G81/G83/G73 drilling program.
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Tightening torque and clamp force for metric (coarse and fine) and UNC/UNF bolts in ISO, SAE, socket-head, and stainless grades — by nut factor or by thread and under-head friction — plus the preload a given torque really gives, and a table for the whole series.
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Truth tables with a column for every sub-expression, push negations inward one named law at a time, brute-force SAT on CNF clauses, Quine–McCluskey minimisation with Karnaugh maps and gate diagrams, equivalence checks, and register bitfields.
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Finger-jointed laser/CNC boxes with kerf compensation, dividers, and eight lids — including living, knuckle, side-pivot, and bought hinges with magnet catches — nested onto sheets as SVG or DXF; and 3D-printable enclosures with PCB standoffs, connector cut-outs, and a snap, friction, screw, or hinged lid (print-in-place, snap-fit, filament pin, flexure) as STL — with a 3D preview that opens the lid and flags collisions.
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Chip load by material and bit size → feed rate, plunge, stepdown, and stepover for router bits; trim-router speed-dial settings; and V-bit depth and width geometry.
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Compute any of 40 standard CRCs (CRC-8 to CRC-64) or define your own, identify an unknown CRC from an expected value, generate C code, and calculate checksums, NMEA, Luhn, and Modbus RTU frames.
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Ohm's law and power, series and parallel networks of R, C, and L, voltage dividers with standard-value design, LED resistors, Wheatstone bridges, current dividers, and ADC scaling.
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Draw a schematic on a grid and simulate it in the browser — DC operating point with node voltages on the drawing, a transient "oscilloscope" with pulse and sine sources, and AC sweeps with Bode plots — then cross-check it against real ngspice (WebAssembly) or run any SPICE netlist.
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Lay out parts on sheet goods or boards with kerf, edge trim, grain direction, and materials; see each sheet drawn to scale, the waste, the cost, and export a CSV or a printable cut sheet.
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Simulate how cells and packs discharge under constant-current, constant-power, resistive, and pulsed loads (Li-ion, LiFePO₄, NiMH, alkaline, coin cells, lead-acid), size supercapacitor hold-up, time bleeder resistors, and analyse measured discharge logs.
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Open an ESP32-family .bin — app image, bootloader, partition table, NVS partition, or a full-flash dump — and see its header, segments, app description, checksum and SHA-256 verification, partitions, OTA state, and every NVS key and value.
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Paste a Guru Meditation, abort, assert, watchdog, or brownout log from an ESP32, S2, S3, C3, C6, or H2 and get the cause explained, the registers annotated, the backtrace resolved against your ELF, and the reset reason decoded.
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Design ESP-IDF and Arduino-ESP32 partition tables visually — add OTA, NVS, SPIFFS, LittleFS, and FAT partitions, check alignment and overlaps, and export the CSV or a flashable partitions.bin.
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Build ESPHome device YAML from a board and a catalogue of sensors, switches, lights, and buses — with live output, a secrets.yaml template, and a linter for pin conflicts, strapping and flash pins, ADC2 with Wi-Fi, I²C address clashes, and ESP8266/ESP32 differences.
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How much epoxy a pour needs — rectangles, rounds, river tables, or an outline traced on a photo — minus embedded objects, split into part A and B by volume or weight, with layers, colourant, cure, and cost.
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How much filament is left on a spool, length ↔ weight for any material and diameter, the full cost of a print — material, electricity, wear, and failures — a job planner that reads a slicer's G-code and costs a batch across plates with labour, and a materials reference table.
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How much finish to buy for a list of projects, shellac pound cuts and dilution, a stain colour mixer previewed on different woods, sanding progressions, and dry and recoat times.
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Generate CNC programs for surfacing, rectangular and circular pockets, drill patterns with pecking, and profile cut-outs with tabs — plus 3D-printer first-layer, retraction, and e-steps calibration programs — with a live preview.
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See a CNC or 3D-printer G-code file in 3D — rapids, cuts, extrusion, travel — scrub through it, step layer by layer, and get dimensions, distances, a time estimate, filament, tools, and speeds.
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Involute spur gears with a live meshing preview, contact ratio and undercut checks, and SVG/DXF export; gear-train search for any ratio; and length, centre distance, and speed for timing belts (GT2, HTD, T, MXL, XL, L), V-belts, and roller chain.
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Solve any triangle from three values (including both answers of the ambiguous SSA case) with a drawing; arcs, chords, and rise; circle through three points; regular polygons with mitre angles; volumes and surface areas of solids; and coordinate geometry with shoelace area.
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Dovetail spacing with a drawn layout and marking positions, box-joint finger counts, mortise-and-tenon proportions, dowel and Domino sizing and spacing, and drawbore offsets.
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Power × speed test grids as GRBL G-code (settings and labels built in) or colour-coded SVG with a legend, a kerf comb and kerf calculator, a slot gauge for press-fit joints, and a focus (Z) ramp — for CO₂ and diode lasers.
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Open VCD, Saleae, or sigrok captures (or raw bytes) in the browser, zoom and measure the waveforms with cursors, and decode UART, I2C, SPI, and 1-Wire traffic into bytes, text, and a searchable event list.
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Connect to an MQTT broker over WebSockets, subscribe with wildcards, watch messages as a live log and topic tree, and publish text, JSON, or binary — for testing IoT devices and Home Assistant setups.
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ffmpeg compiled to WebAssembly, in your browser — convert, trim, crop, resize, rotate, re-time and watermark video; make GIFs and animated WebP; extract audio; split video into frames or build video from images; join clips; or run any ffmpeg command.
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Weight and cost of bar, tube, sheet, and structural shapes — round, square, hex, flat, tube, angle, channel, I-beam, tee — in 27 metals and plastics, plus steel, galvanised, stainless, and aluminium gauge tables.
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Baud-rate register values with error for AVR, STM32, and ESP32 UARTs; timer prescaler and period solver; ESP32 LEDC PWM resolution; I²C pull-up sizing with an address directory; and SPI clock dividers.
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Build and decode Modbus RTU, ASCII, and TCP frames, decode registers in every word order, draw CAN bit streams with stuff bits and CRC-15, calculate MCP2515, ESP32 TWAI, STM32, and SJA1000 bit timing, estimate bus load, and decode DBC signals, candump logs, OBD-II PIDs, and J1939 IDs.
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Write OpenSCAD code and render it right in the page — the real OpenSCAD engine compiled to WebAssembly — with a 3D preview, a Customizer built from your parameter comments, BOSL2 and MCAD libraries on demand, and STL, 3MF, OBJ, OFF, AMF, SVG and DXF downloads.
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Build a PCB layer stackup (or start from typical 2-, 4-, and 6-layer boards), size microstrip, stripline, differential pair, and coplanar traces for 50, 85, 90, and 100 Ω, check them with a built-in 2-D field solver, and budget delay and skew.
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IPC-2221 trace width and current, trace and via resistance, AWG and metric wire tables, cable voltage drop, fuse sizing, and an approximate microstrip impedance.
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Draw sprites, tiles, and screens with real hardware palettes — Amiga, C64, NES, Game Boy, ZX Spectrum, Atari 2600, PICO-8, and 1-bit OLEDs — then export C arrays, bitplanes, CHR tiles, sprite data, PNG, or animated GIF.
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Build, explain, and lint platformio.ini files — resolve extends, [env] inheritance, and ${…} interpolation per environment, pick boards with real IDs, and get the pio and Arduino CLI commands for each environment.
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Size the inductor, capacitors, and currents for buck, boost, and inverting buck-boost converters, check linear regulator heat, and budget power, injection, and wiring for WS2812/NeoPixel LED strips.
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Hole and peg sizes for press, snug, sliding, and free fits by process (FDM, resin, SLS), slicer compensation fitted from a measured test print, a downloadable clearance test (STL and OpenSCAD), and hole sizes for heat-set inserts, screws, and nut traps.
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Convert dBm, watts, and microvolts; cut antennas for any band; work out free-space path loss, link margin, and Fresnel clearance; calculate LoRa time-on-air and duty cycle; and look up Wi-Fi, BLE, and Zigbee channels.
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Read and make resistor colour bands (3 to 6 bands), find the nearest E-series value or the best two-resistor combination, and decode SMD, capacitor, and inductor markings.
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Open a 3D model to check its size, volume, surface area, and whether it is watertight; estimate print weight and cost; scale, rotate, mirror, or flip it; and export STL.
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Turn raw I2C register bytes from BME280/BMP280, MPU-6050, INA219, ADS1115, SHT3x, DS3231, and DS18B20 into calibrated readings using the datasheet formulas, and build the configuration registers and I2C transactions to set them up.
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A Web Serial terminal and live plotter for Arduino, ESP32, ESP8266, and Pico boards, plus an ESP firmware flasher built on esptool-js — all in the browser, no drivers or IDE.
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Bend allowance, bend deduction, and setbacks; K-factors from a material table or a test bend; multi-bend flat patterns with a drawn profile and bend-line positions; press-brake tonnage and V-die sizing.
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How far a shelf sags under books or a point load, for solid woods and sheet goods by stiffness, with optional front and back stiffening strips, compared against the 0.02-inch-per-foot guideline, with a drawn deflection curve.
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Size a rooftop solar system from your electricity use and location, then see payback, NPV, IRR, the cost per kWh of solar energy, financing, and a year-by-year cash flow over its life.
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Spindle speed, feed rate, chip load, metal removal rate, and power for milling (with radial chip thinning), turning, drilling and reaming, and tapping — 18 materials with HSS, carbide, and coated carbide.
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Helical compression, extension, and torsion springs — rate, stresses with the Wahl and curvature factors, allowable stress from the wire's real strength, solid height, buckling, natural frequency, hook stress, arbor clearance, and coils for a target rate.
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Tap drill sizes with % thread engagement for metric, UNC/UNF, BSP and NPT (cutting and forming taps); clearance holes, counterbores, and countersinks; a searchable number/letter/fractional/metric drill chart; pitch diameter and three-wire measurement.
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Junction temperature through θJC, interface, and heatsink; MOSFET, regulator, resistor, and diode losses with temperature feedback; finned heatsink performance in still or moving air; PCB copper as a heatsink; pulsed heating from Foster networks; airflow for enclosures; and chip heat flux with the coolant flow liquid cooling needs.
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RC, RL, and LC time constants with charge curves; filter cutoffs with Bode plots; reactance and resonance; 555 timers; op-amp gain and resistor choice; Zener regulators; and linear-regulator heat.
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Starting settings for MIG, TIG, and stick welding by material and thickness; electrode class decoder; filler metal for same and dissimilar metals; heat input in kJ/mm; joint types and weld symbols.
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How much a board or panel will swell and shrink across its width from species shrinkage coefficients and moisture change, flatsawn versus quartersawn, equilibrium moisture content from temperature and humidity, and gaps for panels, tops, and breadboards.
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A tape-measure fraction calculator, polygon frame miters, compound miters for splayed boxes, crown moulding angles, stair risers and treads, and arcs from chord and rise.
Project ·
A low-latency pub/sub service: back-end services publish state changes, and clients subscribe over WebSocket or long-poll to receive events plus a server-maintained snapshot of each object.
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My friends from the Amiga community, reimagined as Lemmings — designed with Meshy AI from photos, printed in PLA on Bambu printers, and finished with felt-tip pens and UV resin. Plus a few guesses at what Lemmings would be up to now.
Article ·
A local-first monitor for an off-grid 15 kW solar system that forecasts surplus power from the weather and tells you when to run heavy loads.
Project update ·
How a conversation with Bill Borsari became a walk-through history of the Amiga at the Vintage Computer Festival. It was built almost entirely at my home, some 2,500 people came through, and we finished the day with the Amies.
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A walk-through history of the Amiga, built for its 40th anniversary at the Vintage Computer Festival at the Computer History Museum, with the Amies awards in the evening.
